1. The basis of Augustus' power was
a) the aristocracy b) the army
c) the people of Rome d) his great wealth
2. In A.D. 9, a disaster occurred in the Teutoburg forest. What happened?
a) the Germans attacked the Romans and destroyed three legions
b) the Germans attacked the Gauls and destroyed three tribes
c) three Roman legions revolted and began a march on Rome
d) the Roman general Arminius was killed with three legions lost
3. Augustus' social reforms included which of the following?
a) laws curbing adultery and divorce
b) a program aimed at preserving the traditional Roman values
c) restoration of the dignity of formal Roman religion
d) all of the above
4. Cicero wrote
a) philosophical treatises b) orations
c) letters d) all of the above
5. The Jus Gentium was a
a) law code involving disputes between Roman citizens
b) "law of peoples" reflecting Roman experience with her provincial subjects
c) harsh law which prohibited genocide
d) none of the above
6. Vergil wrote which of the following?
a) Odyssey b) Golden Ass
c) Aeneid d) none of the above
7. In which of the following years did four emperors assume power?
a) A.D. 14 b) A.D. 41 c) A.D. 69 d) A.D. 96
8. The Petrine doctrine resulted in the
a) primacy of Rome as the center of Christianity
b) claim of the Patriarch of Constantinople to leadership of the Christian church
c) primacy of Antioch as the center of Christianity
d) development of the comitatus system of Christian church organization
9. Part of Rome's defensive problems were due to an army
a) composed mostly of romanized provincials
b) conscripted at times from slaves, gladiators, barbarians and brigands
c) which had no mobile reserve unit which could meet a crisis
d) all of the above
10. The period from A.D. 235-285 might best be described as a period
a) of indescribable political chaos
b) of political chaos but economic vitality
c) of military strength and firm leadership
d) which saw the acceptance of Christianity
11. Diocletian's wage and price controls were attempts at
a) regulating the economy
b) restricting the social rise of the lower classes
c) controlling government expenditures and inflation
d) both a and c
12. The Roman emperor after Diocletian was addressed as
a) dominus b) princeps
c) imperator d) none of the above
13. Why was the capital moved to Constantinople by Constantine?
a) it could easily protect the western and Danubian frontiers
b) it could control trade into the Caspian Sea
c) it was easily defensible
d) all of the above
14. The Edict of Maximum Prices was
a) successful at controlling inflation
b) primarily designed to reduce the price of bread
c) a failure
d) implemented by Constantine
15. The chief formulator of Neoplatonism was
a) Plato b) Plotinus
c) Pontifex d) none of the above
16. Manichaeism
a) originated in Egypt
b) was popular among the aristocracy
c) involved a struggle between good and evil
d) both a and b
17. The Council of Nicea in 325 rejected the views of
a) Athenasius b) Arius c) James d) Matthew
18. What city was considered the "new Rome"?
a) Milan b) Nicomedia
c) Ravenna d) Constantinople
19. Who was called the "scourge of God"?
a) Alaric b) Odoacer c) Clovis d) Attila
20. After the barbarian invasions, Europe
a) was transformed into a savage land
b) fell under the cultural domination of the Germanic tribes
c) retained the cultural imprint of the Romans
d) both a and b
21. During its heyday, the Byzantine empire
a) contained over 1500 cities
b) possessed a volunteer army of over 100,000 men
c) was divided into eight independently governed regions
d) all of the above
22. The basic tenets of Islamic religious practice include
a) making a pilgrimage to Medina once a year
b) washing and praying to Mecca five times a day
c) fasting during the daylight hours for two months a year
d) all of the above
23. Monasticism
a) sought a more perfect life in imitation of Christ
b) replaced martyrdom as the most perfect way to imitate Christ
c) was popular among only a small number of Christians
d) both a and b
24. Hermit monasticism was founded by
a) Bernard of Clairvaux b) Benedict of Nursia
c) Anthony of Egypt d) Athanasius
25. The great organizer of Western monasticism was
a) John Cassian b) Benedict of Nursia
c) Athanasius d) Martin of Tours
26. The "doctrine of papal primacy"
a) was first conceived as a papal response to the decline of Rome as a center of political power
b) was founded upon evidence from the Bible (Matthew 16:18) and claimed that the pope was a direct descendant of Christ
c) was not accepted by the bishop of Constantinople among others
d) all of the above
27. Leo III's relationship with the church was strained because of his
a) opposition to the filioque clause
b) opposition to the church's close association with the Lombards
c) opposition to the use of icons in the church
d) both a and c
28. The Papal States were created in 755 when
a) the Lombards defeated the Franks and gave the land to the Pope
b) the Pope declared a crusade against the Lombards and thereby won the support of Pepin
c) Pepin received the title, Patricius Romanorum
d) none of the above
29. The mallus was
a) a special royal envoy b) a papal decree
c) a district law court d) a kind of plow
30. All of the following were scholars at Charlemagne's palace school except
a) Einhard b) Theodult of Orleans
c) Theodoric d) Angilbert
31. The Treaty of Verdun
a) partitioned the Carolingian empire
b) established peace between the Franks and Moslems
c) created the "Papal States"
d) none of the above
32. The coronation of Charlemagne by Pope Leo III
a) was an effort by the pope to enhance the church's stature and gain leverage over the king
b) was a triumph for the pope
c) enhanced the reputation of Charlemagne
d) both a and c
33. The missi dominici were
a) imperial bodyguards
b) officials of Charlemagne sent throughout his realm to administer justice
c) monks who guarded the morals of Charlemagne's empire - they were ultimately unsuccessful
d) both a and b
34. Carolingian justice was
a) administered without any real concern for guilt or innocence
b) based on a close reading of Roman law
c) sometimes dependent on a "divine" test or ordeal
d) both a and b
35. Otto I succeeded in
a) checking the invasions of Hungarians and Danes
b) controlling the church
c) invading Italy and proclaiming himself king
d) all of the above
36. The Cluny reform movement inspired which of the following:
a) the investiture controversy
b) the prohibition of alcohol from Friday through Sunday
c) the creation of the College of Cardinals
d) both a and c
37. The creation of the College of Cardinals in 1059
a) came under the pontificate of Nicholas II
b) resulted in the election of popes
c) resulted in the cultural domination of the church by the state
d) both a and b
38. The Investiture Controversy focused on the problems between
a) church and state
b) secular authority vs. temporal authority
c) secular authority vs. spiritual authority
d) both a and c
39. The settlement of the Investiture Controversy
a) was made by Pope Calixtus and Henry V
b) recognized the emperor's right to invest bishops with land after they were invested with the symbols of their office by the church
c) was contained in the Concordat of Worms
d) all of the above
40. Generally, the early Crusades were
a) inspired by a high degree of genuine religious piety
b) undertaken by patently mercenary motives
c) carefully orchestrated by a revival papacy
d) both a and c
41. Which was a result of the crusades?
a) religious and political success
b) the signing of the Magna Carta
c) stimulation of trade between east and west
d) both a and c
42. Which of the following religious orders were called "friars"?
a) Franciscans and Dominicans b) Cathars and Albigensians
c) Benedictines and Franciscans d) Dominicans and Arians
43. Alfred the Great
a) lost the great battle against William of Normandy
b) commissioned the Domesday Book
c) established Anglo-Saxon democratic institutions
d) both a and b
44. The Domesday Book was
a) a compilation of statutes under William of Normandy
b) a compilation of statutes under Alfred the Great
c) an accounting of property for tax purposes
d) a pessimistic book depicting the penalties of Hell
45. Henry II's chancellor, Thomas Becket,
a) ultimately became pope
b) was assassinated
c) also became Archbishop of Canterbury
d) both a and b
46. The Magna Carta was
a) was a victory of feudal over monarchical power
b) secured the rights of the nobility, clergy and townspeople over the autocratic king
c) was signed by Richard the Lion-Hearted
d) both a and b
47. The great obstacle to the imperial plans of Frederick I Barbarossa was
a) that he had too many sons b) France
c) Italy d) both b and c
48. Innocent III launched which of the following crusades:
a) against the Cistercians b) against the Albigensians
c) Fourth Crusade against Islam d) both b and c
49. Innocent III
a) destroyed the independence of the papacy
b) imposed an inefficient bureaucracy on the church
c) dominated the monarchs of Europe
d) none of the above
50. Which of the following statements reflects Albigensian doctrine?
a) the Albigensians denied the New Testament and its God of love
b) the Albigensians believed God's incarnations in Jesus Christ
c) the Albigensians rejected human procreation
d) all of the above
ANSWER KEY: Hs 111 '97 - #2
1. b 2. b 3. d 4. d
5. b 6. c 7. c 8. a
9. d 10. a 11. d 12. a
13. c 14. c 15. b 16. c
17. b 18. d 19. d 20. c
21. a 22. b 23. d 24. c
25. b 26. d 27. c 28. d
29. c 30. c 31. a 32. d
33. b 34. c 35. d 36. d
37. d 38. d 39. d 40. d
41. c 42. a 43. c 44. c
45. d 46. d 47. c 48. d
49. c 50. c